Bells Chemicals Coursework

Ringers Chemicals is at present confronting a significant issue that it had never looked since its origin. As I have been given the duty to sift through it, I will work as far as I could possibly know and capacities in showing up at a proper choice. The four-part group designated to choose which of the two machines (Chemex and AFU) to buy for its most seasoned item †Preserve, has not been effective in doing so.All the four individuals have their own perspectives and the circumstance has gotten confounding. The machines in the Preserve unit have not been supplanted ever.They were performing admirably all these ten years, however now there is breakdown of one of the machines. There are two decisions for the organization I. e. purchasing the Chemex machine (the one that was being utilized every one of these years) again or to go for the new AFU unit. Showing up at a right choice is the issue. Had the organization settled on an absolutist choice there would have been no compelling r eason to counsel its key experts. Be that as it may, this methodology would have been named threatening. The agreeable methodology has a portion of the burdens like the current dilemma.However, keeping aside different things, concocting an ideal arrangement is the need of great importance now. I figure the organization ought to go for the Chemex machine. This choice of mine can be described as the sane method of dynamic. The Normative Decision Making model I. e. characterizing an issue and thoroughly working around it has helped me in showing up at this choice. I have enhanced however much as could reasonably be expected to go to a choice gainful to the association. The sane methodology of critical thinking is the way I have taken. Primary body of the report Mr. Steve Bell isn't greatly keen on getting assets from outside.Especially when the organization had as of late financed the greater part of its capital ventures from its own held benefits, for items and capital speculations fo r different results of the organization. Capital required to introduce another Chemex machine is a lot of lower than the AFU unit. Not just this, by introducing the Chemex machine the organization will likewise be spared with the problem and worry of taking its first momentary credit. The subsidizing of standard tasks of the organization all round the year will get influenced as the organization has depleted amassed benefits in advancements and development of other products.Hence this money related year, inside financing is a significant issue as well. Working expense of AFU unit is incredibly costly when contrasted with the working expense of the Chemex. machine. At the current market stage it is outlandish for the organization to take care of extra expense of ? 18000 as working expense against favorable circumstances, which are not very much characterized. In the event that we experience the perspectives of the advertising chief we can determine the accompanying data about our pre sent and anticipated market. †¢ Company’s creation requirement for current market: 90000 Kg†¢ Company’s creation requirement for anticipated market: 100000 Kg †¢ Annual market requirement for current market: 200000 Kg †¢ Annual market requirement for anticipated market: 250000 Kg When contrasted with the creation and selling quote of ? 320 for every Kg for AFU unit to creation and selling cost of ? 350 for Chemex machine, the AFU unit presents a more splendid picture. Additionally with the AFU unit creation and selling cost can be diminished by ? 2700000 every year at current creation rate yet we can't disregard the high securing and working cost appended to the AFU unit either.Retaining present piece of the pie ought to be the current objective of the organization remembering the rise of new rivals in the market. The central scientific expert has been attempting to change the item; Preserve with the goal that it very well may be utilized in more ex tensive scopes of food items, however has not been fruitful yet. The expansion in advertise request at this market stage can likewise not be anticipated. Thusly interest for increment underway is off the beaten path. Thus for the following couple of years it is fitting to introduce another Chemex machine rather than the AFU unit to agreeably cover the market growth.Why to squander cash on a costly machine when a less expensive one can meet the prerequisites effectively? Quality is one of the significant issues for the showcasing chief with new rivals in the skyline. The showcasing supervisor will normally plan to increment, or if nothing else hold his piece of the overall industry for the best advantages. In the event that the AFU unit is introduced, at that point, there will be a significant quality irregularity. Odds are that the other Chemex machine that is giving acceptable presentation and the new AFU unit will create various characteristics of a similar item. This hushes up ty pical on the grounds that two distinct machines can give diverse end results.The trustworthiness of the organization will get sketchy at that point. Clients will discover two distinct things in two correspondingly bundled items. They may respond contrarily in this circumstance and chances are they may even go to the results of our rivals. This is a major cost to pay if AFU is introduced. Introducing AFU unit has one favorable position and that is †it doesn't require consumption in quality control as it has a programmed quality control framework. Then again the enlisted specialists of the organization do the quality control of the Chemex machines.They are the normally paid staff. With the establishment of the AFU unit they should be paid a similar cash for half of the their real work. Their compensation can't be chopped down as odds of revolt in the organization can emit on the grounds that they will never permit a cut in their pay rates for no deficiency of theirs. Thus from th is edge too it is an increasingly astute advance to go for the Chemex machine rather than the AFU unit. Keeping the significant expense of the AFU unit, its support will presumably be acceptable however we can't make certain without testing it.Chemex machines require standard upkeep yet this isn't an issue for the organization. Since Chemex is a neighborhood organization, any breakdown is promptly redressed. In the wake of working with the Chemex machines for such a significant stretch of time, the specialists have likewise become specialists in taking care of its minor issues by and large. Be that as it may, the breakdown of the AFU unit will turn into a significant migraine for the organization for at some point. Each time anything will turn out badly, the organization should get absolutely reliant on its fabricates who are not nearby like that of the Chemex machines.A part of time will get squandered in this. Remembering this factor, again the Chemex machine scores over the AFU u nit. Another significant concern is the after deals administration. After Sales Service of Chemex has been tried and they have consistently fulfilled the organization so what's to come is secure with this provider. This can't be said in the AFU’s case right now. I have applied Creative Decision Making model, Optimizing model, Kralijic’c Purchasing model and obviously the Normative Decision Making model while showing up at the choice with respect to the acquisition of the right machine.Through Creative Decision Making model I perceived the issue in the wake of experiencing the contextual investigation. By experiencing the perspectives of the four key individuals from the SMG group, I rationally orchestrated the data in regards to the two machines. I examined the entire issue from various edges with the assistance of the data I had accumulated and organized. I came out with numerous arrangements of a similar issue. At that point I experienced all the options individually and picked the most right choice. Through the Optimizing model I had the option to improve the choices of the issue situation.Since this model is like the Creative Decision Making Model and the judicious methodology that I took, things got simpler to sift through. As per Have et. al. (2003, p. 115) â€Å"The Kralijic’s (1983) buying model and the varieties created in the course of the most recent decades assist the executives with choosing the most fitting buying systems for various sorts of items, in this manner streamlining the exchange off among cost and hazard. Expenses incorporate both the immediate and aberrant expense of buying, for instance, the executives time, and inconvenience shooting and drawing up contracts. Two essential measurements are remembered for Kraljic’s matrix:†¢ Impact on budgetary outcome †¢ Supply hazard (or uncertainty)† I experienced this methodology as well, to show up at a solid and suitable choice. Since prerequisite of this report was to put together it with respect to the Normative Decision Making model I followed the accompanying advances while moving toward the choice: †¢ Defining of the specific issue †¢ Setting of the goals †¢ Identifying the options †¢ Evaluating suitably †¢ Making decision of the best option †¢ Sensitivity Analysis †¢ Arriving at the best choice Recommendation I prescribe the organization to feel free to buy the Chemex machine.By doing so the organization would not exclusively be focusing on the gainfulness of the organization, budgetary reasonability of the choice yet in addition the fulfillment level of its whole staff. The client will likewise stay faithful to the organization since they won't discover any irregularity in the items they have used to since the previous ten years. The individuals from the SMG group who were professional AFU unit will likewise concur with me in the event that they experience this report as at this phase w hen we have constrained assets and developing number of contenders we should adhere to the hypothesis that ‘the old is gold’.References Drennan, D. , and Pennington, S. , 1999. 12 Ladders To World Class Performance: how YOUR association can contend with the best on the planet. UK: Kogan Page Limited. Fitzroy, P. , and Hulbert, J. , 2005. Key Management: Creating Value In Turbulent Times. Extraordinary Britain: John Wiley and Sons, INC. Have, S. T. , et. al. , 2003. Key Management Models: the administration apparatuses and rehearses that will improve your business. Incredible Britain: Pearson Education Limited. Hegde, Y. S. , and Krishna, R. , 1993. The a to z of Management Skills. New Delhi: UBSPD.

What does Volkswagens CSR(corporate social responsibility) history say Essay

What does Volkswagens CSR(corporate social obligation) history state about the organization as a brand and what does the future hold for Europes driving vehicle manufa - Essay Example ides the private segment the organization effectively works of the part of business vehicle, selling traverses pick ups, transports and substantial trucks (Volkswagen, 2007). The fundamental market of VW is normally Europe however its brands effectively work on the global market too. Accordingly, company’s second biggest market is China, where Volkswagen Group China can be known as the Second biggest Joint endeavor automaker. VW AG involves an enormous piece of the automaker business and in 2006 is was accounted for to have a 9,7â % portion of the traveler vehicle advertise on the planet, having sold 5.734 million vehicles contrasted and the 5.243 million out of 2005 (Volkswagen, 2007). It assessed by the specialists that 19.9â % of vehicles, for example each fifth vehicle, bought in Western Europe, were created by VW AG. Organization shows great money related exercises, having expanded its gathering deals from 95.3 billion Euros in 2005 to 104.9 billion out of 2006 (Volkswagen, 2007). As expressed in the organization profile the essential objective of the Company is to â€Å"offer appealing, safe and ecologically solid vehicles which are serious on an undeniably intense market and which set world gauges in their particular classes† (Volkswagen, 2007). In this paper I’ll attempt to introduce the organization profile. I’ll review the principle notable realities about the organization; depict its market arrangement and corporate social obligation system. The issue of CSR is very new and obtained its significance not up to 30 years back. In the first place, corporate social diminished distinctly to budgetary repayment of the organization to its investors. In any case, soon it turned out to be evidently insufficient and corporate duty built up a more extensive scope of strategies and activities. These days, there are very numerous meanings of CSR. We will specify those, which are generally famous. Keith Davis definition related corporate social duty to company’s â€Å"decisions and activities taken for reasons in any event in part past the firm’s direct monetary or specialized

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What are the logistical difficulties of the coalition action and what was the medias role Essay Example Essay Example

What are the calculated troubles of the alliance activity and what was the medias job Essay Example Paper What are the calculated challenges of the alliance activity and what was the medias job Essay Introduction On Wednesday the nineteenth of March 2003, America and England pronounced war on Iraq. They felt this to be vital so as to stop Saddam Hussein’s â€Å"Evil regime† as he tells around 4 million individuals every year, they likewise believed war to be fundamental so as to free the Iraqi individuals. Another explanation they wanted to continue with this war since knowledge drives the government officials to accept that Saddam has substance, organic and atomic weapons of mass decimation which he uses to torment his own kin. There are a lot more explanations behind war, for instance, Hussein is a malevolent tyrant and has been treating his kin seriously for more than 20 years and Iraqis have thusly been living in fear.Saddam additionally underpins self destruction planes by paying their families huge totals of cash. Iraq has been carrying out atrocities for a long time now while the world has attempted to be open minded. It is likewise imperative to evacuate Saddam’s force or end his rule before he assaults England, America, or any of different nations in the United Nations in a type of vengeance. U.S troops have discovered production lines where the bombs were made remembering a synthetic plant for the south of Baghdad. This war is likewise required so as to make Iraq a law based nation so they can choose the own pioneer and make Iraqi individuals safe and prevent Saddam from killing his own kin, and utilizing their cash to pay for their torment and here and there, their murder.However, numerous individuals can't help contradicting the war and they show this by dissenting. Most would state the purposes behind not doing battle enormously exceed the explanations behind war. Here are most of them. It would cost in any event 19,000 pounds to make the fundamental measure of bombs and this could be substantially more helpful assets, for example, clinical or instructive gear. Out of all U.S. military, more than 51 have been slaughtered and 14 are abse nt. Out of U.K. military, in excess of 12 soldiers are dead, and more than 30 are absent. From Iraqi military, more than 1,500 have been murdered , of the regular people the figures of detainees of war that have been slaughtered, harmed or lost without a trace has ascended to 5,898,000. Almost 24,000 were slaughtered or harmed by daisy shaper bombs. So far there have been more than 10,000 passings every day. 9 news moderators have been executed, and two are absent. None of these passings were vital, they are the consequence of a war that most don't need, of see as justified.People imagine that Tony Blair and George Bush are looking for vindicate and likely have a shrouded thought process in this war. One of these could be that once the war is finished, America should remake Iraq, when this is done, Iraq will at that point owe the U.S.A anyway much cash they spent to revamp Iraq. Iraq doesn't and won't have enough cash to do this, so they will likely compensation them with oil, as th ey are amazingly wealthy in this source.There are three saying that have been utilized in fights this war, The first is†Increase the harmony have intercourse not war.†The second is,†It is a war of hungry tiger and tied donkey† (Iraq being the tied donkey)And the third is,†Two wrongs don’t cause a right†Each of these expressions to have an importance behind them. The first, I think, justifies itself, is stating that whatever the circumstance, we ought to endeavor to accomplish more noteworthy harmony as opposed to fight back or head for war as a goals. The third saying discloses to us that you can not battle an unfairness with a treachery, and citing Martin Luther King,†I genuinely accept that the tit for tat technique will at last leave everyone blind†.Finally the subsequent saying, this has the most significance of the three as it shows that Iraqi’s must choose the option to battle, despite the fact that they will at las t free the war, regardless of what they do, as they are excessively frail and they don't have the vital hardware, officers or security that they ought to if they somehow managed to stand a chance.There is one final well known saying utilized in fights war in Iraq,†Not in my name†This is an amazing articulation on the grounds that as our pioneer and leader, Tony Blair ought to do as Great Britain wish, yet by utilizing this statement, they are stating that this war isn't in our name and that he doesn't have the help of over 80% of the British populace to experience and follow Bush’s strides to war, he is doing what he needs to do yet he isn't satisfying the desires of Great Britain in general thus he is mishandling his position and isn't carrying out his responsibility as he ought to be.Some individuals contradict the war since they don't need higher charges, as this is the thing that will happen when the war is over all together so as to bear the cost of the cash revamp Iraq. Others simply don't concur with the misery. For instance one Iraqi man has lost eleven individuals from his family. Numerous kids are malnourished and without families. Likewise, the body of an Iraqi infant was found on a central avenue and U.S troops give infant Muslims entombments. For the couple of infants conceived since the war started, thousands have been slaughtered. One specific kid called Ali Abbas was at home when a bomb went of extremely close by, his folks and both of his siblings were executed, he himself was left without arms., Ali has gotten a touch of a symbol of the enduring of Iraqis as he is one of thousands of youngsters who have been harmed as well as orphaned.Some differ on the grounds that it conflicts with general show, the U.N didn't need the war, and it conflicts with the principles of religion. Likewise they don't believe that families ought to have been devastated, because of the mischief brought about by a portion of the 2,000 lb TNT’ s or daisy shaper bombs, which have just murdered more than 24,000 people.Many individuals see it to be superfluous for the U.S to have done a portion of the things they have, for instance, they have besieged radio and TV stations so as to stop predisposition assessments being communicated. They accept that the media lies, and that there are numerous guiltless individuals that have been crippled, harmed or even murdered, and furthermore that numerous ladies and youngsters have been hurt both truly and inwardly, and some even mentally.However numerous families who have family members in the war dread that they will become detainees of war and be tormented on TV as others and U.S troops have been.Logistical issues are about strategies, issues, gear, conditions and planning.Tactics were urgent in this war on the grounds that all together for the U.S.A and the U.K to be effective, they needed to ponder how they would conquer any hindrances that they could be confronted with. They chose to do the following.They would remain in the deserts of Basra, and when Iraq were as yet not yet arranged the were going to gradually quicken towards the focal point of Baghdad, the capital city. On their course they would devastate whatever spoke to Saddam Hussein’s force, for example, pictures, sculptures, patches of land, houses or royal residences or even his property. When they are in Baghdad they will endeavor to stop Saddam Hussein and his laborers, so as to end the rule of Saddam Hussein and his fiendishness ways.Some of the conditions that may mess up the soldiers are 24 hour dust storms which are additionally exorbitant for the administration who presently need to finance for gas covers for every one of the soldiers, these normal out at around à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½12 each.Also the extraordinary warmth could cause some disturbance as it is assessed that 10% of troops that will kick the bucket, will bite the dust from a type of warmth related death.There are many issues that m ay happen for the officers. A portion of these are recorded here. Supplies are a significant issue. Significant substances, for example, petroleum, food and water set aside a long effort to get to the troopers as the tanks can just travel 30 miles per day. This is on the grounds that the lorries behind them can't pass through delicate landscape, along these lines the tanks need to construct temporary streets that the lorries can deal with, thusly hindering the tanks and the entirety of the provisions. Supplies can likewise be eased back somewhere near the thin streets in Iraq, which are unreasonably tight for the tanks to fit through. This would imply that the tanks would need to turn around and take an alternate course, along these lines deferring the provisions. Additionally if sand gets in the weapons they will be wrecked and with the dust storms, this is difficult to forestall. Another issue is the Iraqi individuals, on the grounds that toward the finish of this, when they have evacuated Saddam, if the Iraqi individuals won't go to bat for themselves and join America in their crusade, at that point the entirety of the cash, exertion and lives would have been wasted.Their plan was likewise significant as they needed to ensure they had picked up the trust of the Iraqi’s as the last endeavor to oust Saddam, drove by George Bush Senior, finished in disappointment as the U.S pulled out of Iraq too soon, this prompted Saddam Hussein butchering and tormenting the a large number of Iraqi individuals who faced him.The united powers have an extraordinary scope of weapons which they will utilize. These comprise of riffles and twirly doos, yet in addition of B52 aircraft, tanks and some more. Anyway these must not be utilized in the incorrect manner, for instance one bomb was dropped in a market square in the focal point of Baghdad, slaughtering numerous guiltless regular people and harming even more.The media has assumed a basic job in this war. They have kept us educated about the war each day. Sky news even remove all ordinary news, adverts and projects to make itself a 24 hour news report divert on the war in Iraq. This would have cost Sky a great deal of cash since they get most of their benefit from organizations and their notices, or TV delivering associations for their items.When it goes to the papers, there have just been two papers that have been outrightly against the war on Iraq. They are ‘The mirror’ and ‘The evening standard’. These two news

Gre Sample Issue Essay

Gre Sample Issue EssayThe GRE sample exam is generally divided into seven topic areas and sample issues are specifically developed to address each. One of the topics is the GRE Subject Matter Proficiency Test or SMT, which has three sections of questions. The sections are written by subject experts with experience working with the section of the exam, which is being tested.Written exam answers are obtained through the questions from the sample issues, but once the topic areas and sample issues are introduced in the course, an instructor or your instructor can assign you a question or two of your own. You must research the questions in the topics to prepare for them, and some students may use the sample issues to study for the exam too.Writing your essay on the sample issue and addressing it is an important part of preparing for the exam. When writing an essay on an issue, try to focus on one specific issue that you have studied extensively about. Focus on the material of the topic ra ther than explaining it. For example, if the course makes you familiar with module F, then you should focus on an aspect of the material that is not covered in module F and describe what is different about that particular part of the course.Instead of using words to explain the material, you may write a thesis statement that briefly summarizes your points. The last paragraph of the essay should introduce and conclude the topic. It should also be very brief. You do not want to have to write a thesis statement a couple of paragraphs after the introduction to your topic.You will also want to come up with an outline for your essay before you begin writing it. Once you are ready to begin writing, your outline should help you organize your thoughts as you read the material of the subject matter. Make sure to add all the details that you learned in your study materials in your outline.In this chapter, you will find tips to help you revise and improve your essay. When studying, you should a lways come up with a complete, finished essay before beginning the actual writing process. Remember that GRE exams consist of multiple-choice questions that ask you to make informed judgments based on a chosen topic. Thus, you should always be ready to write a strong essay.A common mistake made by students is that they skip the middle of the topic and skip the conclusion. As with the introduction, your conclusion should be a summary of your topic. You should summarize the main points and the reasons why you are supporting your opinions and statements. You should also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of your arguments and come up with ways to show your points. The conclusion is where you should stress the main points and provide further information.In conclusion, the GRE is a tough exam. You need to be prepared for it to pass. Use the advice in this book to prepare for the GRE, and you will be well on your way to getting a good score.

The existing business world - Free Essay Example

ABSTRACT: The existing business world endures on the information acknowledge and this is an important for an organization. Data should be saved properly so that it can be used easily for future access. To compete with the global competitors, providing best services and products in time and within given budget plus using the best way of delivery and production will make the organization as the fortune company in the world. All this is achieved by the managers only with the right decision at the right time. 1) Identify and discuss the challenges of decision making in organisations. Decision making is the processing of taking right decisions for the purpose of reaching the company goals. â€Å"It can defined in many ways, according to Simon Decision making process ranges from highly structured to highly unstructured decisions i.e., programmed to non programmed decisions, also described decision making process with intelligence, design, choice, and implementation phases†. Simon (1977). In the present business environment organisations must deal with Business intelligence and the decision support systems as they play a major role in organisation decision making and performance. All these complexities create business opportunities but at the same time they present a lot of challenges to the organisations. The arrival of globalisation and telecommunication in the organisations will interact with their customers and suppliers globally by increasing their relation with customer base and offering them with cheaper supplies and services. There is huge compet ition within the organisations because of the globalization. Decision making and problem solving are very important for a business. Problem solving involves decision making which is important for Management. Decision making requires creativity in identifying and developing options. Business in the present situation has become complex for the organisations due to Demanding consumers, globalisation, government regulation, high competition and changing markets. Most of the processes in the organisations are automated. All this has made decision making a tough task in Business environment for different organisations. To make the correct decision making in the present situation, managers should use appropriate tools with proper updates and right techniques. Organisation must understand the changes in the business and adapt to the changing environments quickly by making faster and good decisions. Main reasons for why decision making has become more difficult are as follows: Usage of technology has increased the scope of potential choices. Factors that constantly change such as the government regulation, compliance, competition and consumer demands create uncertainty in the business environment. Quick decision making by using the trial and error method is not a good approach for making a right decision. Lack of collaboration is also a problem. Challenges like transparency and also the rivalries among the companies. Business environment factors are categorised into 4: Markets, consumer demands, technology, societal it emphasizes the complex factors to which organizations have to respond. To run an organisation in systematic way to achieve their goals, decision maker should analyse the complete resources and functions of his duty decision making should also include business intelligence for the performance of organization. Simon(1977) categorized decision making into four phases Intelligence phase, Design Phase, choice phase and implementation phase.(Page 53 of Turban et al.2007) 2) Describe how collaborative sharing of information and knowledge can occur within and across organisations through key enabling technologies. Every organisation has departments and employees. All the employees work in group and this helps in improving the productivity of the organisation. Employees working for the organisation, procedures and technologies followed by the organisations transversely affect the power of the organisation. Group decisions can be made easily and can be implemented faster as it is supported by the group members. Group decisions are generally made after obtaining the result from team meetings, opinions of the group and the judgements of the participants. All this process can give benefits or dysfunctions for the organisation. It is suggested to make the decisions in group meetings as the situation of the decision is also important. Group members can be at one place meeting face to face or there would be a virtual team. Teams can work at different places at different time zones, in such situations it would be hard to meet, they will have to communicate using proper technologies like team chats or the instant messaging provided on the intranet. Such tools are called the collaboration tools. Most of the organisations make use of the collaboration techniques and tools like virtual meetings as it helps in quick decision making and is cost effective. Communication for collaboration occurs using the internet, intranets and extranets. â€Å"Collaborative knowledge sharing is used by the companies to capture the knowledge in the heads of the employees and to improve the productivity of the organisation†. Tim Hughan Internet, Intranet and extranets are the technologies used to collaborate effectively. Intra organisational and extra organisational decision making is done through the usage of collaboration tools. Access to data, knowledge and information is made easier within and outside the organisation using the intranets, extranets and web based collaboration tools. Most widely used collaboration tools to improve collaboration within the organisation include VOIP voice over ip, collaboration hubs, wikis, collaborative flow and corporate portals. Communication, storage, collaboration and retrieval are the three kinds of technologies used to develop knowledge management systems.(Turban et al. 2007)Communication tools help the employees to access the required knowledge and to communicate with experts and there colleagues. Email, team chats, intranet, extranet and other web based tools help in communication among the employees. Collaboration technologies are useful to provide group work.â€Å"Groups can share the files and work on them at the same time. Storage and retrieval technologies use a database managements system for storing and retrieving the data. This works for explicit knowledge, but storing and managing data requires different tools†. Turban et al.2007 page 497). Collaboration tools that are used to share the knowledge among the group and virtual teams are Synchronous and Asynchronous. Group members support synch ronous or asynchronous or both to communicate with each other. In synchronous communication and collaboration are done by the participants in real time. Some examples for synchronous are Instant messaging (IM), Voice over ip(VOIP), Instant video, Video conferencing, multimedia conferencing, audio conferencing, brainstorming, polling and other decision support. In asynchronous the communication and collaboration are done by the participants at different time. Workspaces, auto responder, threaded discussions, Email, SMS, Activation of notification alerts via Email or SMS, use of bulletin boards, use of blogs, wikis, and wiki logs, chat session logs, design tools or collaborative planning, message sorting for users, discussion groups and bulletin boards are some of the examples for asynchronous collaboration. 3) How improved decision making through information and knowledge sharing can be incorporated and enabled in business intelligence systems. Advantage of business intelligence is to extract knowledge that will improve the business performance of an organisation. (Loshin 2003). Business intelligence defined by DATA Warehousing Institute (1999) explains the relationship between information, knowledge management and business intelligence. The process, technologies and tools required to turn data into information, information into knowledge and knowledge into plans that drive profitable business action. It helps in providing methods for extracting value from that knowledge by improving day to day operations and strategy performance in an organisation. Loshin (2003) gives a list of business intelligence applications which include human capital productivity analytics, customer analytics, business productivity Analytics, sales channel analytics, supply chain analytics and behaviour analytics. All of these applications depend on knowledge management. Business is realized only when organisation can action on shared knowledge to improve business performance. CONCLUSION: Business intelligence maintains the constant check on the organisations performance which helps the managers to see the dangers, opportunities, benefits and buy them some time to make better decisions. Proper use of information in planning and strategies will help organizations to promote its values which will ultimately help them in better decision making. REFFERENCE: Alan Champan, 1995-2010, Problem solving and decision making, viwed on 12th April 2010 https://www.businessballs.com/problemsolving.htm Tim Hughan, Mar 9th, 2009,collaborative knowledge, viewed on 10 April 2010https://www.blogcatalog.com/blogs/collaborative-knowledge-sharing.html Lecture slides on USQ study desk, module 3 slide 38. Turban, E, Aronson, J, Liang, TP, Sharda, R 2007, Decision support and business intelligence systems, 8th edn, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Loshin, D 2003, Business intelligence: the savvy managers guide: getting on board with emerging IT, Morgan Kaufmann Publications, San Francisco, pp. 1-17 Nathaniel 2008,â€Å"Organizational Network Analysis† viewed on 12 April 2010 https://www.welch-consulting.com/OrganizationalNetworkAnalysis.htm

The Future of Law in Protecting Business Reputation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2056 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Did you like this example? Future of Law in Protecting Business Reputation Will Rogers once quoted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It takes a lifetime to build a good reputation, but you can lose it in a minuteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  In this digital era where everyone is a publisher, the risk of reputation damage is present anywhere and anytime. Business reputation is largely what other people think of the public image of that particular organization. Of course a good reputation enhances competitive advantage and increase revenue to the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Future of Law in Protecting Business Reputation" essay for you Create order It also allows a business to overcome a crisis in a better way and attract talented person as there is sufficient reputation. On the other side, a damaged bad reputation reduced the revenue for the company and subsequently loses the trust of stakeholder.[1] The problems faced by most businesses is that malicious posts can be circulated on social media website instantly while the process of taking legal action and trying to restore back the reputation after the event can be slow and difficult. In most cases, when negative reviews or comments are made online regarding a business, it is viewed as opinion in the eyes of the law. It will be a difficult task to prove that a person had specific bad intention while writing the review. Thus, the suggestion here is there must be a clear justification in regard to determine the specific intent of malice of the person. Additionally, the Communications Decency Act (CDA), which was taken effect since 1996 can make it even more difficult to m anage negative information which is published online effectively as this act was created to protect free speech. It is also providing immunity to the websites that publish or distribute the content of others because they will not be held responsible for the information posted on their respective site.[2] Although it is defamatory, victims of online defamation will face a challenging court battle in order to restore their reputation back. In most cases, it will require more time for having those negative review to be removed from a website. Even if the negative review has been removed, people will still have negative perception towards that particular business reputation. Thus, there should be amendments made to Communications Decency Act in order to make it a more comprehensive law. Such ways is by imposing limitation although this act was created to protect free speech. Besides, this act cannot allow full immunity to websites that publish other people information and impose punishm ent for those who did that. Although monetary damages are typically awarded in many cases related to reputation injury, it is obvious that such awards tend to comfort the emotional harm which had been felt by plaintiff as a result of harm to her reputation in term of business. Thus, the damages given here is not comprehensive and complete as it is supposed to restore back the business reputation but not to comfort the emotional harm. Therefore, this is a difference between monetary awards and various justifications for the legal protection of a business reputation. Thus, the suggestion here is to ensure there is availability of various justifications in order to restore back the business reputation rather than a monetary award. The ways to improve this is by giving more attention to disclaimers and other forms of information correction as an appropriate remedy to restore business reputation. The issue relating to false information can be settled and also acting as a public reprim and to the defendant. This will definitely ensure people to think twice before they make any action that can jeopardise other business reputation as they will not want to risk paying monetary awards. Of course, the suggestion made here did not mean that monetary damage awards for injury towards business reputation are not appropriate. To those individual who can proved that they lost job opportunities or the company can prove there is a lost in sales as a clear result from reputation injury should be granted for those monetary awards.[3] This is because they have suffered losses in terms of monetary. My suggestion here is if there any good alternative remedy that can correct or restore the business reputation, then it should not be assumed that everyone who suffered injury to business reputation are entitled to monetary damages. It should be understandable that there are peoples who take on others ideas and embody them in a different form. This will give them a strong claim th at they are the original creators of the ideas.[4] It was argued by Hegel that a principled answer to the question of when preventing the use of an idea is justified is impossible and it cannot be settled by the current legislation.[5] Thus, the suggestion here is there must be a legislation to address this problem in order to know the justification on when to prevent the use of an idea of another person. Then a right to misappropriation of valuable intangibles could be established once this problem is rectified. It is also arguable that there are strong grounds of principle for upholding the tort of passing off in its classical formulation.[6] Here, it is suggested that the principle can be expanded to a more generalised tort of misrepresentation. However, it is clearly difficult to establish an argument of principle to support its development into a more generalised tort of misrepresentation. Therefore, there is a need to appeal to Parliament to review the terms of policy or to develop more convincing argument of principle in order to make this principle to be established successfully. There is still ample avenue for developing and extending the tort of passing off in the future in Malaysia. This would serve to circumvent new kinds of unfair trade practices which may occur. The ideology of this can be found rooted in the case of Associated Newspaper PLC v Insert Media Ltd[7] where Justice Mummery remarked that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is important both in the evaluation of the facts and in the formulation and application of the law, never to lose sight of the legal and economic basis of the action for passing off. That tort has been developed for the protection of the property which exists not in a particular name, mark or style, but in an established business, commercial or professional reputation or goodwill.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Sometimes, the courts would choose a more liberal and flexible approach in interpreting the tort of passing off to further extend the protection to business reputations. This can be observed in the case of Lego System A/S v Lego M. Lemelstrich Ltd.[8] which confirms that passing off may be deemed to have occurred even where the plaintiff and the defendant are not selling the same goods. In this case, the plaintiff is the well-known manufacturer of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Legoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which are childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s toy building bricks who sought to prevent the defendant from using the name of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Legoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for their products of plastic gardening equipment. The court decided in the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favor and held that the plaintiff could lose the opportunity in the future to expand their business into the area occupied by the defendant. This principle may set off some significant implications which would inter alia prevent a trader in a totally different area of business from using a mark on the ground that the trader would interfere with the plaintiff trader should he wis h to expand his business sometime in the future. However, Malaysian courts do not adopt such liberal interpretations to extend the protection to the future of traders which may be good to prevent complications regarding remoteness in the future. This can be seen in the case of McCurry Restaurant (KL) Sdn Bhd v McDonald Corporation[9] where the Court of Appeal ruled in favor of the appellant/defendant McCurry Restaurant. The plaintiff is a renowned international fast food chain whereas the defendant sold Indian and Malaysia cuisine under the name of McCurry Restaurant. The plaintiff then sought to restrain the defendant from using the prefix of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . His Lordship, Gopal Sri Ram JCA, found that the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s get-up are distinctively different. This is because McDonaldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s get-up is the use of the golden arches à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  with a red background while McCurryà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s get-up is the use of the wordings: Restoran McCurry, in white and grey letters with a red background accompanied with a picture of a chicken holding two thumbs up. He also found that the types of food sold by both the defendant and the plaintiff are of stark difference. This is so where the former sells Indian and Malaysian cuisines while the latter sells fast foods. As such, the court was satisfied to find that there is insufficient proof to establish passing off. It can be observed that the McCurry case would set Malaysian courts in a direction different from the Legoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case. Thus, it is submitted here that this may be the correct direction to prevent the abuse of the law of passing off. Perhaps the consideration of the future of a traderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business expansion may be too remote and may not be suitable to be weighed in a decision. Another area of development of the tort of passing off in the future is the application of the tort to character merchandising which is a marketing strategy by referencing directly or indirectly to an endorsement by a real or fictional character. It occurs where a trader associates his products to the name, image or distinguishing features of a popular figure to make his products more attractive or noticeable in an effort to hike up the sales of his product or services. Australian cases have suggested that a trader who has developed a reputation in a real of fictional character can restrain another from misrepresenting that their products are commercially related with that character.[10] It seems that England courts are following Australian casesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ footsteps. In the case of Mirage Studios and Ors v Counter-Feat Clothing Company Ltd[11] it was held that if the public is misled as to a feature or the quality of the goods sold, then it would suffice for a cause of action in the tort of passing off. That case has stirred up some controversy in the English judicial s phere because it implies that the elements of passing off as established in Advocaat are no longer followed. In Pacific Dunlop Ltd. v Hogan and Ors,[12] it was held that passing off may be established as long as the misrepresentation is proven regardless of whether actual deception and damage have occurred or not. It is thus, arguable that Australian courts may have gone too far in the character merchandising decisions. In a New Zealand case of Tot Toys v Mitchell,[13] Justice Fisher has expressed aversion from the Australian courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ decisions of extending the law of passing off to character merchandising cases. As such, in Malaysian context, the law of passing off in character merchandising cases is still open for further development. It is submitted that perhaps Malaysian courts may retain the need to prove actual damage or loss in character merchandising cases and as such, fusing the Australianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approach with the original elements required to prove passing off. This is so to protect the business reputation of traders in Malaysia. Conclusion In short, the tort of passing off has vast potential for development or extension to protect business reputations of Malaysian traders. This is especially so when new types of misrepresentations and passing off should arise which could tarnish a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goodwill and reputation. An example would be in cases of character merchandising as discussed. Nevertheless, the original elements to prove passing off should be retained to prevent the abuse of the law. [1] D.B. Bromley, Reputation, Image and Impression Management 8 (1993) [2] Stanley Ingber, Defamation: A Conflict Between Reason and Decency, 65 Va. L. Rev. 785, 791à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"92 (1979) [3] See Laura A. Heymann, Reading the Product: Warnings, Disclaimers, and Literary Theory, 22 Yale J.L. Human. 393, 396 (2010) [4] Waldron, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“From Authors to Copiers: Individual Rights and Social Values in Intellectual Property Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1993) 68 Chicago-Kent at p.617 [5] Hegel, supra, n 72 at p.55. [6] Gordon, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An Inquiry into the Merits of Copyrightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1989) at p.1431. [7] 1 WLR 900, 908 [1990] [8] FSR 155 [1983] [9] [2009] 1 LNS 309 [10] Eg: Childrens Television Workshop Inc v. Woolworths (NSW) Ltd., RPC 187 [1991]; Hogan and Another v. Koala Dundee Pty. Ltd., 83 ALR, 12 IPR 508 (1988); Pacific Dunlop Ltd. v. Hogan and Others, 87 ALR 14, 14 IPR 398 (1989); Hutchence v. South Seas Bubble, 64 ALR 33 (1986). [11] FSR 145 [1991]. [12] [1989] FCA 185 and at (1989) 87 ALR 14 [13] Tot Toys Ltd. v. Mitchell, 4 NZBLC 102,797 (1992)

What Is a Hydronium Ion

The hydronium ion or hydronium is the name given to the H3Ocation, derived from the protonation of water. The hydronium ion is the simplest type of oxonium ion. It is produced when an Arrhenius acid dissolves in water. Hydronium is also abundant in the interstellar medium and tails of comets. Hydronium Ion and pH In chemistry, pH is calculated as the ratio of hydronium ions to hydroxide (OH-) ions. When the hydrogen ion (H) concentration is discussed, its actually hydronium. The auto-dissociation of water at equilibrium is: 2 H2O â‡Å'  OH−   H3O In pure water, the number of hydroxide and hydronium ions is equal and the pH is neutral or 7. Sources Meister, Erich; Willeke, Martin; Angst, Werner; Togni, Antonio; Walde, Peter (2014). Confusing Quantitative Descriptions of Brà ¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Equilibria in Chemistry Textbooks – A Critical Review and Clarifications for Chemical Educators. Helv. Chim. Acta. 97 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1002/hlca.201300321Rauer, H (1997). Ion composition and solar wind interaction: Observations of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Earth, Moon, and Planets. 79: 161–178. doi:10.1023/A:1006285300913997EMP...79..161R. doi:10.1023/A:100628530091

Conflict Resolution at General Hospital - 1273 Words

Assignment #4 - Conflict Resolution at General Hospital Darlene Andrews Instructor’s name Course Title Date 1. Discuss the conflict that is occurring at General Hospital. The major conflict that is occurring at General Hospital is financial in nature. The hospital is facing a potential nosedive in revenue as well a decrease in patients with better health care plans that generate better revenue. As a result, the CEO Mike Hammer is faced with the dilemma on how to cut cost to prevent the hospital from going under financially and facilitating a medical staff that seems to be in direct conflict with his previous decisions and perception on how to solve the problem. Additionally there is a significant intergroup conflict amongst the†¦show more content†¦As a result, this approach would have fostered a cohesive partnership and established ownership of the final decisions that were collectively made by the group. Another approach could have been selecting representatives from each stakeholder group (doctors, nurses, board members, Ms. Harding and Mr. Hammer) to come together as a focus group to negotiate and collaborate on the cost reduction for the hospital. This would have the same outcome as addressing the entire staff. Every critical area would be represented to speak to the areas were cost reductions could be made. As subject matter experts, they would know the best way to cut cost without sacrificing the quality of service they provide on a daily basis. 4. Describe how Hammer can use negotiation skills to get buy-in for the cost reductions. Mr. Hammer can use negotiation skills to get buy-in for cost reduction by using an integrative negotiations strategy. He should help Dr. Williams focus on the overall financial problem of the hospital and the long term benefit of being proactive before any major fiscal crisis hits. 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My pastRead MoreThe United Nations Security Council1348 Words   |  6 PagesCouncil met for its 6838th meeting to address the issue of Children in Armed conflict around the world and the role that the United Nations would play in the event of a Country utilizing children soldiers. The Security Council voted in favor 11 to 0 with only 4 countries abstaining such as China, Pakistan, Russia and Azerbaijan and their abstainment only came from issues with the Resolutions text and not the resolution itself. The Security Council sought to address this issue reiterating â€Å"its primary

The Salk Institute For Biological Studies - 1040 Words

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Timelessness is exemplified in his Salk Institute design, containing aspects and principles that in a certain sense can be described as universal or eternally valid. In terms of where the structure sits within his portfolio of work, the case can be made that all of Kahn’s later buildings are directly developed from concepts first presented in his design for the Salk Institute. The Institute reformed how we think about buildings and space for those who inhabit it , as well as the honesty and â€Å"truth† in the use of materials and their architectural combination. Dr. Jonas Salk, the developer of the polio vaccine and founder of the Salk InstituteShow MoreRelatedEssay about Louis Kahn and The Salk Institute770 Words   |  4 PagesLouis Kahn and The Salk Institute Standing alone against the endless blue sea, the Salk Institute by Louis I. Kahn is one of a kind. 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Should We Be Healthier Than Smoking Cigarettes - 870 Words

In our generation vaping is know to be healthier than smoking cigarettes. Vaping is vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. On the other hand, cigarettes are thin cylinders that contain tobacco rolled in paper. In America vaping is becoming popular since people vape for a hobby. While smoking cigarettes is known as a stress reliever, people tend to like it more than vaping. Vaping is respected more in today’s society, it is known to smell and taste better than cigarettes, in addition, it is not addicting like cigarettes. Cigarettes contain tar, tar makes the smoker’s teeth yellow and destroys his or her lungs. No, vaping is not as harmful as cigarettes, however, it is still harmful. Cigarettes are known to harm a person’s body. People don’t like the smell of it and how it makes their teeth yellow. People may like it and be addicted, but they don’t like the fact of spending money all the time on the cigarettes; these relate to some quotes Matt Cunningham said, â€Å"And despite all of the scientific evidence of tobacco s health dangers, and in the face of millions of dollars worth of public health advertising, nonsmokers are still being persuaded to take that first drag that can lead to lifelong addiction.† (Cunningham). Many things can lead someone to start smoking cigarettes, such as peer pressure as a young teenager. Teens like to do things adults do, or the teens’ friends could make fun of them for not smoking cigarettes like everyone else is aroundShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay Smoking896 Words   |  4 Pagessafer route to smoking. It is also relatively new to the market, only hitting the mainstream over the past deca de. 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Academic And Professional Skills Paid Employment

Question: Discuss about theAcademic And Professional Skillsfor Paid Employment. Answer: Introduction A steady rise has been noticed in the employment of the college students in a country. This early phase of employment among students has been resultant of various factors that prevail in the life of the individuals (Robotham, 2012). Due to the issues that prevail in their lives, the students have agreed to all forms of jobs that are being offered to them. With the involvement in employment of the students, there is a severe impact on the academic achievement by them. It could be stated that there is an adverse impact on their academics, which exacerbates the issues of poor performance of the students (Darolia, 2014). According to this essay, the argument is based on the different effects of employment on student. It discusses the impacts of employment of a student on its academic life. This would help in getting a clear view of the consequences that are faced by the students in by accepting employment along with academics. Body Students at a high rate have identified the higher educational costs of the country as one of the basic reasons for accepting employment offers. With the rise in the expense of higher studies, financial necessities and supporting their lifestyle along with the accumulation of work experience gained, the students are more engrossed in accepting various employment opportunities. This would help in overcoming their costs of education along with maintenance of their lifestyle (Hunt, Lincoln Walker, 2004). By accepting the job opportunities, there are various adverse impacts on the academic achievement of the student. 29 % of the students have been involved in working for 20 hours per week, whereas some of the are involved in full time and half time jobs. These students do not get ample hours to devote on their academics. Hence, a negative relation is seen between the working hours provided by the student and their academic performance. One of the major factors that affect the positive o r negative effects of employment on the academic performance if the students is their GPA scores. The students who are working devote their time and energy at their work, which provides quite less time for them o concentrate on their studies. This shows a negative impact on the GPA scores of the student (Bettinger, Boatman Long, 2013). This has raised a matter of awareness among the institutions and the professionals who aim at guiding and mentoring the students. Achieving a degree after the completion of a particular academic program is one of the great assets that a student experiences in its life. This degree helps the student in grabbing various job opportunities that would help them in progressing through their future path. Yet, with the rise in the competitive level among the individuals for attaining their dream jobs, and with the lower employment opportunities, it is not enough for an individual to secure job with the help of a certificate. The student has to undergo various level of competition in order to secure a job for him or herself (Barron Anastasiadou, 2009). One of the best ways of adding value to their curriculum vitae is by attaining a job experience while studying. It is quite profitable for a person with job experience to secure a job, as he the company would not have to spend much on the training program for the individual. He would be accustomed regarding the working atmosphere of the firm. Hence, students find it usef ul for them to attain a part time job for themselves in their own filed. This helps them in gaining a practical approach to their experiences. It helps in attaining the soft skills in that particular field, helps the student in making themselves more employable, enhance their applicability, possibility of leading to better jobs. These advantages would be only achievable when the job that is agreed upon by the student belongs to their own subject field. If the opposite happens, and the student does not choose a job, which belongs to his or her genre, then there would be a complete time and talent loss (Xu Jaggars, 2013). The experience that would have been gained would not be efficient enough to enhance the skills o the individual. Hence, there must be a clever selection of the job that would be opted by the students while studying. One of the most efficient ways of working while studying is to maintain balance between the two parts. Many students are of the opinion that they are able to maintain a balance between their work life d academic life. This balance is maintained by dividing their hours into two equal parts, which helps them in achieving the best of both the worlds. By applying for jobs in their own field, the students are able to enhance their skills in a better manner, which helps them analyse their practical knowledge along with their theoretical knowledge (Holmes, 2008). This would help them in upgrading their academic performances in a better way. Yet, there are issues, where students are unable to handle the pressure of both the sides. They pay too much attention at work, which provides them with too little time to study. This affects their academic score. It neither helps them in analysing their skills neither helps them in gaining better grades in studies (Applegate Daly, 2006). Hence, it is q uite vital or the student to make the correct selection of jobs along with the most effective balance between work and studies. Conclusion Increase in financial costs, living costs, lifestyle maintenance and rise in the cost of higher education, it has become quite important for the students to work for their living besides their studies. This work could be fixed number of hours a week, part time or full time jobs. The students feel quite confident while working along with their academics. It helps them raise their soft skills, and work experience, helps in analysing the future job prospects better and gain practical knowledge regarding their own field subjects. Yet, every opportunity comes along with a opportunity cost. The opportunities of analysing the benefits from working for students, comes along with the problem of throwing a negative impact on the grades that are achieved by the individuals. If there exist no work life and academic life balance in the students final, then there are high chances of spoiling their grades. Working students tend to have worse grades than those who are non working peers. However, eff iciency can be raised by working along with studying, when the individual chooses the correct job and a balance is maintained in the number of hours devoted at both the segments. Reference Applegate, C., Daly, A. (2006). The impact of paid work on the academic performance of students: A case study from the University of Canberra.Australian Journal of Education,50(2), 155-166. Barron, P., Anastasiadou, C. (2009). Student part-time employment: Implications, challenges and opportunities for higher education.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,21(2), 140-153. Bettinger, E. P., Boatman, A., Long, B. T. (2013). Student supports: Developmental education and other academic programs.The Future of Children,23(1), 93-115. Darolia, R. (2014). Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students.Economics of Education Review,38, 38-50. Holmes, V. (2008). Working to live: Why university students balance full-time study and employment.Education+ Training,50(4), 305-314. Hunt, A., Lincoln, I., Walker, A. (2004). Term-time employment and academic attainment: evidence from a large-scale survey of undergraduates at Northumbria University.Journal of Further and Higher Education,28(1), 3-18. Robotham, D. (2012). Student part-time employment: characteristics and consequences.Education+ Training,54(1), 65-75. Xu, D., Jaggars, S. S. (2013). Adaptability to Online Learning: Differences across Types of Students and Academic Subject Areas. CCRC Working Paper No. 54.Community College Research Center, Columbia University.

HumanitiesCritical Thinking

Question: Read and respond as requested to the following Scenario. Denise Hall has been offering support to senior Liberal officials and business leaders with regard to the accusation that they are not sufficiently scientifically educated. These accusations have been generated by journalists working for the Sydney Morning Herald and are basically targeted at politicians and business leaders that have slipped up on scientific issues concerning climate change, causal links between abortion and breast cancer and the amount of greenhouse gasses Australia emits, among other things. However, senior Liberal advisors are beginning to wonder whether the importance of science should be played down in the public domain, if not the private. So they have enlisted your help in determining whether the letter that Ms Hall has sent to senior politicians and leaders in business has any worth. You are being asked to provide the support needed to establish whether the message in Ms Halls letter is convincing enou gh to sell to the public. This will mean compiling accurate and comprehensive data on her letter that is easy for the advisors to understand and access. The advisors will be providing advice to senior Liberal politicians and business leaders based on your evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of Ms Halls argument. Therefore, you are also asked to suggest what the advice should contain, i.e. to continue to downplay the significance of science in the public domain, promote the idea that science has an authoritative role to play in public decisions, to take a neutral stance, or some other possible action/nonaction. 1. Some resources have been made available to you to help in compiling your report, which include: 2. A copy of Ms Halls letter that has been circulated to senior Liberal party advisors and business leaders. 3. Links to the articles that the letter is directly responding to. 4. Links to articles that discuss the topic of scientism. 5. Feel free to utilise any further material you deem relevant. But remember, it is only the argument contained in the letter that is being evaluated, so it must be relevant to the claims being made by Ms Hall. Answer: Major Arguments in the letter The major arguments that can be found within the Ms Denise halls letter are: The science is the benchmark of an educated society.....in promoting a healthy society. We find that science offers as the final explanation for our existence.....But, alas, science is mute on this point. In fact, it is our churches, mosques and synagogues that we learn about the meaning and value of life.....not science. When we turn to questions of an ethical nature......could accept. As we all know, knowledge involves the exercise of wisdom.....capacity for wisdom?. Hence, it is evident that our countrys leaders are right to downplay the significance of science.......it has little if anything to contribute. Standardization of the identified Arguments According to the argument 1, science is not the only or absolute way for the development of the educated society. Over the years, it has been found that the most of the news papers and the most of the technical thoughts claimed that it is very much necessary to have scientific knowledge for the development of a educated society. However, it has been found that the science do not have the explanation for all the events that happens within the universe. It is quite evident that science does not have the ability to describe the natural events. Therefore, the argument 1 made on the letter is quite evident. In the argument 2, it has been claimed that though the modern science claims that it provides the final explanation to the each events happened within the universe. However, it is very much evident that the science failed to explain the events like the contraction and the expansion of the universe with precisions. On this scenario, it has been seen that science has explained these phenomenon with assumptions and historical evidences Bruner (2014). Therefore, it is very much evident that science does not have the explanation for all. According to argument 3, our trust and the conventional social education system provides the knowledge about the values and meaning of life. Therefore, to develop a educated society it is very necessary to infuse the value and meaning of the life through trusting the basic thoughts of the society. However, Eric Abets contradicted this argument through stating that the basic knowledge of science is the key for the development of the educated society. Eric Abets cited the example of the increasing abortion and breast cancer on this issue Pedersen (2012). This contradictory evident is very strong and therefore, the argument 3 could be standardised through stating that both the science and the conventional knowledge is required to develop an educated society. Ethics is one of the most important aspects for the development of a society. Through the argument 4, it has been expressed that it is the inability of the science that it fails to explain the concept of ethics to the society. However, Eric Abets argued that the basic knowledge about the science would provide the judgemental power to the society on different issues like GM crops, smoking, alcohol etc (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2014). This contradiction is quite logical. Therefore, the argument 4 can be furthermore standardised through stating that for the development and establishment of the societal ethical points both the science and the conventional thoughts are required. Wisdom and the knowledge are very much interrelated to each other Theunissen (2014). Through the argument 5, it has been explained that it is well known that the knowledge can only be acquired through the practice of wisdom. It directly counters the thoughts of science through questioning its capacity. On this argument, it has been told, Science is a small component of human intellectual. It has been quite evident that in the establishment of the societal and the global brotherhood it requires wisdom not the atomic powers. Therefore, considering the present global and the internal societal facts it is quite significant that the society needs knowledge and wisdom rather than the science. Through the argument 6 the action of the political leaders were supported in downplaying the science issue. It has been stated that the science can only provide solutions to the practical issue. However, while catering with the bigger fundamental and societal issues it requires the involvement of the humanity and the wisdom rather than scientific contribution. However, in the incidents like Ebola it has been observed that the fundamental thoughts restricted the human involvement. However, science allowed the human access with optimum protection and this enabled the greater society to control this disease to some extent (Dean, 2006). Therefore, a further standardization on the statement 6 can be made through stating that for the greater benefit of the society a union of science and wisdom is required. Strengths and Weaknesses (SW) found in the arguments 1 SW of Argument 1 The major strength of the argument 1 is that it is very much true that only the knowledge will not help to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that according to (Gregory, 2010) knowledge of science only helps to become well-informed society however, it is the basic knowledge of the humanity that will help to develop a well educated society. The major weakness of this argument is that it completely denies the contribution of science. It is very evident from some of the facts that the conventional social thoughts sometimes failed to save the human life but science saved human life at that time. Therefore, downplaying the contribution of science could lead to a societal myopia within the society. 2 SW of Argument 2 The major strength of this argument is that it has very successfully pointed out the limitations of the science. Over the years, it has been seen that science has claimed that it has the ultimate answer but it has significantly failed to provide clarification on the natural issues (Agassi, 2014). Science tried to provide answers of these situations through complex analysis through taking help from the conventional explanations. Therefore, it is evident that science is not self sufficient to explain everything. The weakness of this statement is the debate between science V/s philosophy is a long-lived debate and the main theme of the debate is what has been illustrated through this statement. Therefore, this statement does not state anything else. 3 SW of Argument 3 The main strength of this statement is that improvises the source of the core thoughts and the trust on the almighty. According to Skyrms (2014) the formation of the society and the societal bonding has been developed through keeping trust upon the almighty and the meaning of the life has been derived from this belief. This belief works as a invisible bonding to keep the society into a particular form. The weakness of this argument is that through dividing the source of core belief and knowledge it somewhere influences the communal thoughts within the society 4 SW of Argument 4 The strength of this statement is that it is very much evident that the human emotions and the human beliefs have developed a code of ethics that says to develop the brotherhood among the societies for the betterment of the individual and the society. This development of ethics is completely driven by the core beliefs and human emotions (Heath, 2014). Therefore, the statement is very much valid in any societal context. It also has shown the limitation of science on the human behavioural factors. The weakness of this argument is that it shows biasness against science. It is true that science do not have any explanation on the ethics but the modern science through the man watching study has successfully explained couple of ethical codes. 5 SW of Argument 5 It is very much evident that the practice of wisdom has major contribution in the development of knowledge. The ancient wisdom has given the platform for the enrichment of the knowledge through the synthesis on the wisdom. This argument clearly defines the barrier of science for the development of societal knowledge (White, 2014). The main weakness of this argument is that it only focuses on the societal knowledge development. It does not provide focuses to the other aspects of the knowledge like the medical knowledge and other functional knowledge. SW of Argument 6 The major strength of this argument is that it provides a direction to the political leaders about the advancement of the society. The main weakness of this statement is that it promotes the negative sense on the science education. This will affect the societal development adversely in the longer run. Analysis of the rhetoric According to The Sydney Morning Herald (2014) the popularity of the science education has been decreased by 40% over the years. This significantly points out the decreasing interest on science especially from the Australian youth. The letter from Ms hall very aggressively points out the limitation of the science and it says that the practice of the wisdom is much required than the practice of science. According to Philip Kitcher both the conventional and the scientific knowledge is very much required for the betterment of the society (Kitcher, 2012). According to him, the evolution of society has been transferred from the conventional thoughts to the scientific thoughts. This transformation has changed the dimension of the learning. The modern society demands the domain specific knowledge that is only possible through the practice of science. If the Australian leaders and the business houses downplay the science and the science-education, it will create a social chaos within a short time. This will not only affect the growth of the Australian society but also will damage the growth of the country especially in the areas like medical, manufacturing etc. However, it is very much supportable that the controllable scientific application needs to be applied for the betterment of the society (Agassi, 2014). On this segment, the political and the business houses needs to be apply science for the betterment of the larger society. In present scenario, it has been seen that some of the companies and some of the agencies claims something that is vague and false. Therefore, the science education will help to reduce the growth of this kind of activities. The particular letter says about the effectiveness of the wisdom, knowledge and ethics. On this three aspects the writer has raised the question about the capacity of the science through deliberately pointing out some of the gray areas of science. According to Gregory (2010) to become an educated society both knowledge and logic is very much required. White (2014) stated that the only the moral and ethical development will never be able to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that only the ethical and the synthesis of the wisdom cannot develop the nature of the critical thinking. The nature of critical thinking only can be developed through the practice of science. Therefore, from the public point of view the negative biasness on the science will reduce the critical thinking process of the society. According to Dean (2006) the science should be applied though the utilitarianism approach. The main reason for this is that it will help to develop a society through its good practices because science is a logical cause effect process. On the other hand, the concept of Social Darwinism improvises the Survival of the fittest and the creation of wealth. However, the creation of wealth creates discrimination within the society and this will create a misbalance within the society. This misbalance in future could lead to the destruction of the social bonding. Recommendations Throughout the study, it has been seen that the main motto of the letter is to promote the gray side of the science. This letter also appreciated the downplaying on the science from the political leaders. However, it is highly recommended that not to downplay the science and the science education within the society. Moreover, the Australian political leaders need to provide more stress on the science education. In the case of Ebola in South Africa, the South African community failed to even create an initial barrier only because of lower awareness about handing of the issue. This awareness only can be provided by the scientific education. On the other hand, it is also very highly recommended that a well structured social education road map needs to be developed that will contain both the synthesis of the wisdom and the practice of the science. The wisdom will provide the knowledge about the humanity and the values of life. On the other hand, science will help the society to analyze the events through the logical process. Moreover, the basic knowledge of science will help the society to differentiate between the truth and the false claims. The other recommendation is that while describing the need and the content of the meaning of life, values and ethics of life and society it is better not to bring the churches, mosques affront. Bringing this affront may influence the communal thoughts within the system. The growth of the communal through is very dangerous for the society and the country. On the other hand, it is recommended that to keep the science and conventional learning separate from each other. Science v/s religious thoughts it is a long haul debate and it has created may disparities within the society. Therefore, to maintain the societal harmony it is better not to mix these two aspects. Reference List Books Dean, K. (2006). Realism, philosophy and social science. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Skyrms, B. (2014). Social dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Journals Agassi, J. (2014). Introducing Philosophy of Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(4), pp.536-550. Bruner, J. (2014). Diversity, tolerance, and the social contract., Politics, Philosophy Economics. 12(6), pp.23-30. Gregory, J. (2010). The political philosophy of Walzer's social criticism., Philosophy Social Criticism, 36(9), pp.1093-1111. Heath, J. (2014). Rebooting discourse ethics., Philosophy Social Criticism, 40(9), pp.829-866. Pedersen, J. (2012). Social philosophy: A reconstructive or deconstructive discipline?., Philosophy Social Criticism, 38(6), pp.619-643. Theunissen, M. (2014). The Idea of Philosophy and Its Relation to Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(2), pp.151-178. White, S. (2014). Does Critical Theory need strong foundations?.,Philosophy Social Criticism. 2(5),pp.12-16. Websites Kitcher, P. (2012). The Trouble With Scientism: Underrate The Humanities and Arts at Your Own Peril. [online] The New Republic. Available at: https://www.newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103086/scientism-humanities-knowledge-theory-everything-arts-science [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015]. The Sydney Morning Herald, (2014). Science the benchmark of an educated society. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/science-the-benchmark-of-an-educated-society-20141019-118cwl.html [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015].